Climate Change (Ocean Acidification, changing salinity, depleting oxygen content)
Fisheries and Aquaculture : Destruction of mangroves, Antibiotic resistance.
Marine Pollution- Radioactive substances, plastics, thermal pollution, nutrients, persistent toxins.
Sea bed mining
Underwater Noise ,Shipping noise, Oil spills, offshore mining, Turbine collision affects marine population.
Introduction of exotic species
Desalination plants lead to generation of green house gases.
Dredging (Desiltation) alters sea bed, reduction in the variety of species.
Brine- 10% aqueous solution of NaCl.
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