Terrorism

Terrorism:

1. Marginalization + Deprivation (with exceptions) –> Frustration and alienation –> Aggression + Terrorism
2. To achieve ideological goals and inculcating fear in the minds of people to fulfill the purpose.

Types of Terrorism:

1. Nationalist terrorism: not satisfied by the regime by resorting to terrorism. eg. Khalistan
2. State Terrorism: To suppress its own people (rebels); eg. Nazism and in china (during cold war)
3. State Sponsored terrorism. Eg. Pakistan; Nonstate actors (Jamat-ud-dawa; Jaish-e-Mohammad etc.) funded by state agencies

Why terrorist target Urban areas?

1. Maximum damage (human+economic)
2. Media attention
3. Ease in absconding
4. Availability of logistics

To tackle terrorism:

1. Malayan Model: Use of ground force not air force (Isolating area; eliminating the terrorists; sanitizing the area- removing sleeper cells; handing over of area); Eg. J&K
2. Grievance detection model: Directly IB intervenes- Preparedness (gathering local intelligence; reducing the riots)
3. Counter-proxy war model: Insurgencies

Corrective Measures:

1. NATGRID: Common database; (RAW- IB – NIA); IT in policing
2. Intra-institutional synergy
3. Eyes and ear scheme: as followed in US since 9/11; making public aware (guards, chowkidars, security personals, parking attendants, vendors and general public)
4. Freezing of the finances of terrorists
5. Human intelligence coupled with Technical Intelligence (Eyes and Ears + IT)
6. Requires international co-operation

Organized crime: Profit driven activities (smuggling-arms, drugs, human traficking), don’t crave for media attention where as terrorism is ideological war.